誤用文法搭配造成的中式英文
文法搭配指名詞或形容詞與介系詞或其他文法結構的連用關係，包括「名詞+介系詞」、「介系詞+名詞」、「動詞+介系詞」、「形容詞+介系詞」等等，其中以前三項較為重要，茲舉例如下： a)名詞+介系詞 1)我接到一張五萬美金的支票。 【正】：I received a check for US$50,000. 【誤】：I received a check of US$50,000. 2)他是川普總統的外交政策顧問。 【正】：He is an advisor to President Trump on foreign policy. 【誤】：He is an advisor of President Trump on foreign policy. 3)她是林董事長的祕書。 【正】：She is secretary to Chairman Lin. 【誤】：She is a secretary of Chairman Lin. 【解說】：(1) 以上三句介系詞用of，原因是由「……的……」直譯而來的中式英文。(2) 「當某人秘書」secretary前不用a. b)介系詞+名詞 1)從你臉上的表情，我可以看得出你有了麻煩。 【正】：I can see by the expression on your face that you are in trouble. 【誤】：I can see from the expression on your face that you are in trouble. 【解說】：【誤】句用from，是受中文「從……」影響。 2)他自願做那件事。 【正】：He did it of his own free will. 【誤】：He did it by his own free will.
C）動詞+介系詞
1)我們恭賀約翰弄璋之喜。
【正】：We congratulated John on the birth of his son.
【誤】：We congratulated John for the birth of his son.
2)老師稱讚他很勤奮。
【正】：The teacher praised him for his diligence.
【誤】：The teacher praised his diligence.
以下是學生習作的錯誤例子：
2-1.父母的行為對子女有深遠的影響。
【正】：Parents’ behavior has a profound influence on their children.
【誤】：Parents’ behavior has a profound influence to their children.
【解說】：influence / effect / impact後均接on,【誤】句用to是由中文「對……影響」的「對」直譯而成的錯誤。
2-2.老師對學生應該要嚴格。
【正】：Teachers should be strict with their students.
【誤】：Teachers should be strict to their students.
【解說】：和上句一樣，看到「對……」，學生一成不變的就用to,不免犯錯。 be strict with是固定搭配。「對……嚴格」還可以說be hard on,例：His parents are hard on him.
2-3.這件處罰對我不公平。
【正】：The punishment is not fair to me.
【誤】：The punishment is not fair for me.
【解說】：「對……公平/ 不公平」要說be fair / unfair to，介系詞不能用for.
2-4.體育課對於增進學生的身體健康有幫助。
【正】：Physical education is helpful in improving students’ health.
【誤】：Physical education is helpful to improve students’ health.
【解說】：be helpful in是固定搭配。【正】句亦可說：Physical education helps to improve students’ health.
2-5.他出生在富裕家庭。
【正】：He was born into a rich family.
【誤】：He was born in a rich family.
2-6.我今天從學校學到很多東西。
【正】：I learned many things in school today.
【誤】：I learn many things from school today.
【解說】：(1)【誤】句介系詞用from,顯然是受中文「從」的影響造成的錯誤。(2)【誤】句另一個錯誤是learn用現在式。很多人誤以為副詞today時間點還是現在，所以用現在式，這是錯誤的觀念，因為既然已學到了，動作已經過去，就要用過去式。(3) I learned many things from Professor Sun.句中的from是正確的。
2-7.
a) 我們可以從網上下載很多資訊。
【正】：We are able to download a lot of information from the Internet.
【誤】：We are able to download a lot of information on the Internet.
b) 我們可以從網上搜尋很多資訊。
【正】：We are able to search a lot of information on the Internet.
【誤】：We are able to search a lot of information from the Internet.
c) 我們可以從網上獲取很多資訊。
【正】：We are able to acquire/get/obtain a lot of information from the Internet.
【誤】：We are able to acquire/get/obtain a lot of information on the Internet.
【解說】：Internet前的介詞要隨著動詞而變化，亦即：download information from the Internet, search information on the Internet, acquire/get/obtain information from the Internet.
2-8. 竊賊好像是從窗戶爬進來的。
【正一】：The burglar seemed to have entered by the window.
【正二】：The burglar seemed to have entered from the window.
【正三】: The burglar seemed to have entered through the window.
【誤】：The burglar seemed to have entered by means of the window.
【解說】：(1) 介系詞by表「經由……」之意，例：We flew to London by way of Paris.（我們經由巴黎飛往倫敦）。(2) by means of 是「藉由，藉著」之意，例如：He got the job by means of his father’s influence. （他藉著父親的影響力得到那份工作）。 【誤】句…entered by means of the window語意不清。
2-9. 地上蓋滿了雪。
【正】：The ground is covered with snow.
【誤】：The ground is covered by snow.
【解說】：be動詞+過去分詞一般都接by,例如John was fired by his manager.（John被經理開除）。但本句的be covered with是固定搭配，意為「蓋滿……，充滿……」。be covered by 意思不同，例：The house is covered by insurance.（這棟房已保了險）/ Shipping is not covered by the quotation.（報價中不包括運費）。
2-10.幸福不是用金錢可以買得到的。
【正】：Happiness cannot be bought with money.
【誤】：Happiness cannot be bought by money.
【解說】：介系詞with表「手段、工具」之意，例：eat with a knife and fork用刀叉吃/ He caught the ball with his left hand.他用左手接球。
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